| 1810 |
Colombia declared independence from Spain. |
| 1861 |
The Congress of the Confederate States began holding sessions in Richmond, Va. |
| 1871 |
British Columbia joined the confederation as a Canadian province. |
| 1881 |
Sioux Indian leader Sitting Bull surrendered to federal troops. |
| 1917 |
The World War I draft lottery began. |
| 1944 |
Adolf Hitler was only slightly wounded when a bomb planted by would-be assassins exploded at the German leader’s Rastenburg headquarters. |
| 1944 |
President Franklin D. Roosevelt was nominated for an unprecedented fourth term at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago. |
| 1976 |
America’s Viking 1 robot spacecraft landed on Mars. |
| 1977 |
A flash flood hit Johnstown, Pa., killing 80 people and causing $350 million in damage. |
| 1990 |
A federal appeals court set aside Oliver North’s Iran-Contra convictions. |
| 1993 |
White House deputy counsel Vince Foster was found shot to death in a park near Washington, D.C., in an apparent suicide. |
| 1999 |
After 38 years at the bottom of the Atlantic, astronaut Gus Grissom’s Liberty Bell 7 Mercury capsule was recovered. |
| 2007 |
The Senate Judiciary Committee voted almost totally along party lines, 13-6, to approve Elena Kagan to be the Supreme Court’s fourth female justice. |
| 1938 |
Diana Rigg, Actress (“The Avengers”), turns 74 |
| 1943 |
John Lodge, Rock musician (The Moody Blues), turns 69 |
| 1945 |
Kim Carnes, Rock singer, turns 67 |
| 1945 |
Larry Craig, Former U.S. senator, R-Idaho, turns 67 |
| 1947 |
Carlos Santana, Rock musician, turns 65 |
| 1969 |
Josh Holloway, Actor (“Lost”), turns 43 |
| 1973 |
Omar Epps, Actor (“House M.D.”), turns 39 |
| 1973 |
Peter Forsberg, Hockey player, turns 39 |
| 1975 |
Judy Greer, Actress, turns 37 |
| 1978 |
Charlie Korsmo, Actor, turns 34 |
| 1978 |
Elliott Yamin, Singer (“American Idol”), turns 34 |
| 1980 |
Gisele Bundchen, Model, turns 32 |
| 1988 |
Stephen Strasburg, Baseball player, turns 24 |
| 69 |
Petrarch 7/20/1304 – 7/19/1374 Italian scholar and poet |
| 48 |
Giuseppe La Farina 7/20/1815 – 9/5/1863 Italian writer and leader of the Risorgimento |
| 60 |
Augustin Daly 7/20/1838 – 6/7/1899 American playwright and theatrical manager |
| 90 |
Sir George Otto Trevelyan 7/20/1838 – 8/17/1928 English historian, statesman and biographer |
| 87 |
Max Liebermann 7/20/1847 – 2/8/1935 German painter and etcher |
| 70 |
Miron Cristea 7/20/1868 – 3/6/1939 Romanian; first patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church |
| 59 |
Alberto Santos-Dumont 7/20/1873 – 7/23/1932 Brazilian aviation pioneer |
| 56 |
George II 7/20/1890 – 4/1/1947 Greek king (1922-4; 1935-47) |
| 79 |
Errett Lobban Cord 7/20/1894 – 1/2/1974 American automobile manufacturer |